During British rule portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the Bombay Presidency. In 1937, the Bombay Presidency became a province of British India. Bombay Presidency was comprised of the three British divisions or commissionerates i. e. the northern, the southern, and the Sindh divisions with the following 24 districts:-- Bombay, Ahmedabad,KairaMahals, Broach, Surat, Tanna, Kolaba, Khandesh, Nasik, Ahmadnagar, Belgaum, Kanara. Dharwar, Kaladgi, Pune, Ratnagiri, Satara, Sholapur, Upper Sindh Frontier, Karachi, Hydarabad, Shikarpur, and Thar Parkar. The Native states were under the supervision of British political officer, and were divided into 16 agencies, viz., Baroda, Kachh, Kathiawar, Kaira, Surat, Sholapur, Satara, Kolhapur, South Marhatha Country, Rewkanta, Mahikanta, Pahlanpur, Sawantwadi, Tanna, Colaba, and Dharwar. The Presidency also included Daman, Diu, and Goa under . Portuguese rule. After Indian independence in 1947, the former princely Gujarat states and the Deccan states were merged with the former Bombay province which was renamed as the State of Bombay.
The State of Bombay was significantly enlarged on November 1, 1956 expanding eastward to incorporate the Marathi-speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad State, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region of southern Madhya Pradesh and Gujarati-speaking Saurashtra & Kutch. The southernmost, Kannada-speaking portion of the state became part of the new linguistic state of Karnataka. The state was being referred to by the local inhabitants as Maha Dwibhashi Rajya, literally, the great bilingual state.
The state was home to both Marathi and Gujarati linguistic movements, both seeking to create separate linguistic states. The Mahagujarat movement in Gujarat was led by Shri Indubhai Yagnik. On May 1, 1960, after a movement for a separate Marathi state turned violent, the State of Bombay was partitioned into the States of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
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